Native Orchids

The Orchid Society of Royal Botanical Gardens has compiled information on Canadian Native Orchids. The following is a database of orchids, organized by genus. The information included is location, specific habitat, flowering season, description, and comments. Also included are photographs of habitat, plant and flower.

Amerorchis rotundifolia
Aplectrum hyemale
Arethusa bulbosa
Calopogon tuberosus
Calypso bulbosa
Cephalanthera austinae 
Coeloglossum viride var. virescens
Corallorhiza maculata
Corallorhiza mertensiana
Corallorhiza odontorhiza 
Corallorhiza striata
Corallorhiza trifida
Cypripedium acaule 
Cypripedium arietinum
Cypripedium candidum 
Cypripedium guttatum 
Cypripedium montanum 
Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin
Cypripedium parviflorum var. parviflorum 
Cypripedium parviflorum var. planipetalum
Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens
Cypripedium passerinum
Cypripedium reginae		 Dactylorhiza majalis
Epipactis gigantea
Epipactis helleborine
Galearis spectabilis
Goodyera oblongifolia
Goodyera pubescens
Goodyera repens var. repens
Goodyera repens var. ophioides
Goodyera tesselata
Isotria medioloides
Isotria verticillata
Liparis liliifolia 
Liparis loeselii
Listera auriculata
Listera australis
Listera borealis
Listera caurina
Listera convallarioides
Listera cordata
Listera ovata
Malaxis monophylla var. brachypoda
Malaxis paludosa 
Malaxis unifolia
Piperia elegans
Piperia maritima
Piperia unalascensis		 Platanthera albida var. straminea
Platanthera blepharoglottis
Platanthera chorisiana
Platanthera ciliaris
Platanthera clavellata
Platanthera dilatata
Platanthera flava var. herbiola
Platanthera grandiflora
Platanthera hookeri
Platanthera aquilonis
Platanthera lacera
Platanthera leucophaea
Platanthera obtusata
Platanthera orbiculata
Platanthera psycodes
Platanthera stricta
Pogonia ophioglossoides
Spiranthes casei
Spiranthes cernua
Spiranthes lacera var. lacera
Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis
Spiranthes lucida
Spiranthes magnicamporum
Spiranthes ochroleuca
Spiranthes ovalis var. erostellata
Spiranthes romanzoffiana
Triphora trianthophora

© Royal Botanical Gardens, Dr. Donald Gunn Image Collection.

 

This page is best viewed at 1024×768. Much thanks to Wild Species 2000 for the use of the following chart reproduced here.
Canada Status Common Name Latin Name YT NT NU BC AB SK MB ON PQ NB NS PE LB NF Notes
4 Small Round-Leaved Orchids Amerorchis rotundifolia 4 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 — — — 3
2 Puttyroot Aplectrum hyemale — — — — — 5 — 2 1 — — — — —
4 Arethusa Arethusa bulbosa — — — — — 2 2 4 2 3 4 4 2 4
4 Grass-Pink Calopogon tuberosus — — — — — — 2 4 3 3 4 4 5 4
4 Calypso Calypso bulbosa 3 4 6 4 4 3 4 4 2 2 — — 5 2
1 Phantom Orchid Cephalanthera austinae — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — * COSEWIC has designated this species as THREATENED as of 2000.
4 Long-Bracted Orchid Dactylorhiza viridis 2 5 6 4 4 5 4 4 4 2 4 — — 4
4 Spotted Coral-Root Corallorhiza maculata — — — 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 5 4
4 Western Coral-Root Corallorhiza mertensiana — — — 4 — — — — — — — — — —
2 Autumn Coral-Root Corallorhiza odontorhiza — — — — — — — 2 1 — — — — —
4 Striped Coral-Root Corallorhiza striata — — — 4 3 3 2 4 2 2 — — — 2
4 Early Coral-Root Corallorhiza trifida 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 Pink Lady’s-Slipper Cypripedium acaule — 5 — — 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4
2 Ram’s-Head Lady’s-Slipper Cypripedium arietinum — — — — — 2 2 3 1 — 2 — — — Some jurisdictions may have management or conservation concerns relating to populations or sub-species.
1 Small White Lady’s-Slipper Cypripedium candidum — — — — — 8 1 1 — — — — — — * COSEWIC has designated this species as ENDANGERED as of 2000.
4 Spotted Lady’s-Slipper Cypripedium guttatum 2 4 — — — — — — — — — — — —
4 Mountain Lady’s-Slipper Cypripedium montanum — — — 4 2 2 — — — — — — — —
4 Yellow Lady’s-Slipper Cypripedium parviflorum 2 4 4 4 — 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 — 4
4 Sparrow’s-Egg Lady’s-Slipper Cypripedium passerinum 4 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 1 — — — — —
4 Showy Lady’s-Slipper Cypripedium reginae — — — — — 2 2 4 2 3 2 4 — 2
7 European Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii — — — — — — — 7 — — — — — —
7 Southern Marsh Orchid Dactylorhiza majalis — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7
3 Giant Helleborine Epipactis gigantea — — — 3 — — — — — — — — — — * COSEWIC has designated this species as a SPECIAL CONCERN as of 1988.
7 Helleborine Epipactis helleborine — — — 7 — — — 7 7 7 7 7 — 7
4 Showy Orchis Galearis spectabilis — — — — — — — 4 2 2 — — — —
4 Menzies’ Rattlesnake-Plantain Goodyera oblongifolia — — — 4 3 3 — 4 4 2 5 — — 2
4 Downy Rattlesnake-Plantain Goodyera pubescens — — — — — — — 4 2 5 2 — — —
4 Lesser Rattlesnake-Plantain Goodyera repens 4 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 3 5 4
4 Tesselated Rattlesnake-Plantain Goodyera tesselata — — — — — — 2 4 4 3 4 3 — 4
1 Small Whorled Pogonia Isotria medeloides — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — * COSEWIC has designated this species as ENDANGERED as of 2000.
1 Large Whorled Pogonia Isotria verticillata — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — * COSEWIC has designated this species as ENDANGERED as of 2000.
1 Lily-Leaved Twayblade Liparis liliifolia — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — * COSEWIC has designated this species as ENDANGERED as of 2001.
4 Loesel’s Twayblade Liparis loeselii — 2 — 2 — 2 2 4 3 4 5 5 — 5
3 Auricled Twayblade Listera auriculata — — — — — — 2 3 3 2 — — 5 3
2 Southern Twayblade Listera australis — — — — — — — 2 2 1 2 — — —
4 Northern Twayblade Listera borealis 4 4 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 — — — 5 2
4 Western Twayblade Listera caurina — — — 4 2 — — — — — — — — —
4 Broad-Leaved Twayblade Listera convallarioides — — — 4 2 — — 4 4 3 4 5 — 4
4 Heart-Leaved Twayblade Listera cordata 2 5 6 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4
7 Common Twayblade Listera ovata — — — — — — — 7 — — — — — —
Canada Status Common Name Latin Name YT NT NU BC AB SK MB ON PQ NB NS PE LB NF Notes
4 White Adder’s-Mouth Malaxis monophylla — 5 — 4 2 2 2 4 3 2 4 — 5 3
2 Bog Adder’s-Mouth Malaxis paludosa 1 2 — 3 2 2 2 2 — — — — — —
4 Green Adder’s-Mouth Malaxis unifolia — — — — — — 2 4 4 4 4 3 5 5
2 White-Lip Rein-Orchid Piperia candida — — — 2 — — — — — — — — — —
4 Hillside Rein-Orchid Piperia elegans — — — 4 — — — — — — — — — —
4 Dense-Flowered Rein-Orchid Piperia elongata — — — 4 — — — — — — — — — —
4 Royal Rein-Orchid Piperia transversa — — — 4 — — — — — — — — — —
4 Alaskan Orchid Piperia unalascensis — — — 4 3 — — 4 2 — — — — 2
4 Tall Northern Green Orchid Platanthera aquilonis 4 4 6 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3
4 White Fringed-Orchid Platanthera blephariglottis — — — — — — — 3 2 3 3 2 — 4
4 Choriso Bog-Orchid Platanthera chorisiana — — — 4 — — — — — — — — — —
8 Orange Fringed-Orchid Platanthera ciliaris — — — — — — — 8 — — — — — —
4 Little Club-Spur Orchid Platanthera clavellata — — — — — — — 4 4 4 4 4 — 4
4 White Bog-Orchid Platanthera dilatata 2 5 6 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
3 Tubercled-Orchid Platanthera flava — — — — — — — 3 2 2 4 — — —
3 Large Purple Fringed-Orchid Platanthera grandiflora — — — — — — — 2 5 3 4 2 — 3
4 Hooker’s Orchid Platanthera hookeri — — — — — — 2 4 4 3 4 — — 3
4 Fragrant Green Orchid Platanthera huronensis — — — 4 — — — 5 5 5 — — 5 4
4 Ragged Fringed-Orchid Platanthera lacera — — — — — — 2 4 3 4 4 4 — 4
2 Eastern Prairie Fringed-Orchid Platanthera leucophaea — — — — — — — 2 — — — — — — * COSEWIC has designated this species as a SPECIAL CONCERN as of 1986.
4 White-Flowered Bog-Orchid Platanthera leucostachys — — — 4 — — — — — — — — — —
2 Large Round-Leaved Orchid Platanthera macrophylla — — — — — — 5 2 2 2 — — — 2
4 Blunt-Leaf Orchid Platanthera obtusata 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4
4 Small Round-Leaved Orchid Platanthera orbiculata 2 3 — 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 5 — 4
1 Western Prairie Fringed-Orchid Platanthera praeclara — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — * COSEWIC has designated this species as ENDANGERED as of 2000.
4 Small Purple Fringed-Orchid Platanthera psycodes — — — — — — 2 4 4 4 4 4 — 4
4 Slender Bog-Orchid Platanthera stricta 1 — — 4 2 — — — — — — — — —
4 Rose Pogonia Pogonia ophioglossoides — — — — — — 2 4 3 4 4 4 — 4
3 Vanilla-Scented Bog-Orchid Pseudorchis straminea — — — — — — — — 2 — — — — 3
4 Case’s Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes casei — — — — — — — 4 2 2 5 — — —
4 Nodding Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes cernua — — — — — — — 4 4 3 4 5 — —
4 Slender Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes lacera — — — — 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 — —
4 Shining Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes lucida — — — — — — — 4 2 3 5 — — —
3 Great Plains Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes magnicamporum — — — — — — 1 3 — — — — — —
2 Yellow Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes ochroleuca — — — — — — — 2 — 2 5 5 — —
2 Oval Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes ovalis — — — — — — — 2 — — — — — —
4 Hooded Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes romanzoffiana 4 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 Nodding Pogonia Triphora trianthophora — — — — — — — 2 — — — — — — * COSEWIC has designated this species as ENDANGERED as of 2000.
* Please consult the COSEWIC website @ http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/ for the most recent information.
0 = Extinct or Extirpated
1 = At risk
2 = May be at Risk
3 = Sensitive		 4 = Secure
5 = Undetermined
6 = Not Assessed
7 = Exotics		 8 = Accidental
— = Not Present
LEGEND